Introduction

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

• The word computer is derived from compute, which means calculation.
• It is considered a calculating device that can do arithmetic and logic operations with speed.
• It is an electronic device that accepts data, and after wide step-by-step processing gives a result.
• It accepts stores and manipulates data according to our needs.

Characteristics of computer

• Speed-Computer can carry out instruction in less than a million a second.
• Accuracy-computer can do the calculation without error and accurately.
• Diligence-computer is capable of performing any task given to them repetitively.
• Storage Capacity– a computer can store a large storage capacity.
• Versatility– They perform multiple different tasks at the same time.

Types Of Computer

Analog Computer

• An analog computer represents the data as physical quantities and operates on the data by manipulating the quantities.
• It is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary continuously.
  Generation of computer

Digital Computer

• A digital computer is designed to process the data in numerical form, its circuits perform mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
• The numbers operated on by a digital computer are expressed in the binary system.
• Digital Computers are generally classified by size and power as follows
  • Micro Computer
  • Mini Computer
  • Mainframe Computer
  • Super Computer

Micro Computer

• The processor is very small so that is called a microprocessor and the device is called a microcomputer.
• A microcomputer is a single-user device example desktop, laptop, notebook, PDA.

Minicomputer

• The processor of mini computer is small but larger than the microprocessor.
• Mini computer is multi user device generally used in destining company for commercial use.
• A small, multi-user computer that can support 10 to hundred users simultaneously.

Mainframe Computers

• Mainframe Computers is a powerful multi-user computer that can support a thousand users simultaneously.
• Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds, i.e. hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive.
• Normally, they are used in banking, airlines, railways, etc. for their applications.

Super Computer

• Super Computers are best in terms of processing capacity and also the most expensive one.
• An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
• The first supercomputer in India is PARAM-1000(Parallel Machines ).

Hybrid Computer

• A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog computers.
• It combines the best features of both types of computers, i.e. It has the speed of an analog computer and the memory and accuracy of a digital computer.
• It accepts analog signals, converts them into digital, and processes them in digital form.
• A hybrid computer may use or produce analog data or digital data.

Generation of computer

• 1G (1945-1954) → VACUUM TUBE→ Programming was done in machine language like IBM 701, ENIAC.
• 2G(1955-1964→ TRANSISTORS→Programming was done in HLL like IBM7030.
• 3G(1965-1974)→Integrated circuits→Programming was done in HLL like COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, etc.
• 4G(1975-till on)→ micro-processor→Programming was done in HLL like IBM PC etc.
• G5(Present-future)→ artificial intelligence→ Programming was done in HLL like C#, JAVA, Python, etc.